Innovation through Serendipity, Error, or Exaptation

 New ideas, or even physical characteristics of the human body, are discovered by serendipity or by chance (Armano, G., & Javarone, M. A. 2017). Horase Walpole was credited with coining the word in 1784 after using a Sri Lankan fairy tale to combine serenity and Ignorance (Yesudian, P. 2011). The impact of innovation is felt in a variety of fields, including economics, physics, sociology, biology, and linguistics Armano, G., & Javarone, M. A. 2017). The physical proximity between businesses is thought to contribute to serendipitous innovation. Face-to-face interaction flourishes in cities and industrial parks when they emerge unplanned (water cooler effect is how sometimes it is referred) in turn, this leads to innovation (Fitjar, R. D., & Rodríguez‐Pose, A. 2017). The authors found that innovation was more likely to occur through planned interactions than by chance, at least in the context of their study focus of Norway. A number of innovations have been brought about by pure serendipity. Male and female baldness is known as androgenetic alopecia (AGA). During treatment for an enlarged prostate, bald men suddenly began growing hair when taking finasteride, an FDA-approved AGA treatment (Yesudian, P. 2011). Innovation can sometimes happen by accident!

A mistake leads to innovation when it occurs unexpectedly or unthinkably. A healthy kidney that was awaiting transplantation into a desperately ill patient was accidentally discarded by the University of Toledo Medical Center (UTMC) on August 10, 2012. As a result of this incident, processes and procedures were created to prevent similar incidents from happening in the future. In response to this error, IR sensors, audio warnings, visual warnings, and physical sensors have been installed.

A system or resource is adapted when it performs a different purpose than it was designed to perform. Microwave ovens were developed from observations of what microwave communications did to organic tissues, for example, before the ability to fly was even considered (Andriani, P., & Cattani, G.2016). To continue seeking new technologies or ways to use existing technologies, Corning created Research & Development Ambassadors. Telecommunication and information transmission were changed by fiber optic strands made from special glass used for cooking utensils (Andriani, P., & Cattani, G. 2016). Optic communications are significantly superior to copper communications circuits in terms of range, amplification and wave division multiplexing compared to copper communications circuits. (Spectrums of colors are formed from optical light) in order to increase capacity over the same facility. Serendipity, mistake, or the recognition of new purposes for existing artifacts or processes are all ways that innovation happens.

References

Andriani, P., & Cattani, G. (2016). Exaptation as source of creativity, innovation, and diversity: introduction to the Special Section. Industrial & Corporate Change, 25(1), 115-131. doi:10.1093/icc/dtv053

Armano, G., & Javarone, M. A. (2017). The beneficial role of mobility for the emergence of innovation. Scientific Reports (Nature Publisher Group), 7, 1-8. doi:http://dx.doi.org.proxy.cecybrary.com/10.1038/s41598-017-01955-2  

Fitjar, R. D., & Rodríguez‐Pose, A. (2017). Nothing is in the Air. Growth & Change, 48(1), 22-39. doi:10.1111/grow.12161

Yesudian, P. (2011). Serendipity in trichology. International Journal of Trichology, 3(1), 1-2. doi:http://dx.doi.org.proxy.cecybrary.com/10.4103/0974-7753.82116

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